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T126. Stridor & Drooling

A. Introduction

A1. ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ (Stridor)

(1) ๋ถ€๋ถ„์  ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ์‡„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” high-pitched, harsh sound (2) ์ข์•„์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์†๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์••๋ ฅ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ, ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ collapse, vibrate ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ stridulous sound๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ„. (3) ์†Œ์•„์˜ subglottis๋Š” 1mm์˜ edema์—์„œ 50% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด์ (cross-sectional area)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ โ†’ ์†Œ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์—ผ์ฆ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ์‡„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•จ (4) ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ์‡„์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ํ™•์ธ์€ ์ง„์ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ โ‘  Nasopharynx and oropharyngeal levels : Stertor (sonorous snoring sounds) โ‘ก Supraglottic level(above true vocal cords) : Inspiratory stridor or stertor โ‘ข Below true vocal cords ๏ผš Expiratory stridor โ‘ฃ Glottis and subglottic and tracheal area (true vocal cords level) : Both inspiratory and expiratory stridor (5) ํ™˜์•„์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ ์ง„๋‹จ : ์ €๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์˜ stridor๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

B. Stridor in children <6 months old

โ€ข
6๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์˜์•„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ์‹œ m/c ์›์ธ์€ congenital cause.
โ€ข
Major : Laryngomalacia, Tracheomalacia, Vocal cord paralysis, Subglottic stenosis Minor (but important consideration) : Airway hemangiomas, Vascular rings and slings
โ€ข
Direct visualization of the airway๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ
1.
Laryngomalacia (ํ›„๋‘์—ฐํ™”์ฆ) (1) Neonatal laryngeal problem์˜ 60%, result from developmentally weak larynx (2) Inspiration ์‹œ collapse ๋œ๋‹ค. โ‘  ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ : ์šธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ฑŒ ๋•Œ / URI๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ / Work of breathing ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ โ‘ก ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ ํ˜ธ์ „ : ๋ชฉ์˜ ์‹ ์ „ ์‹œ / ์—Ž๋“œ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
(3) ๋ณดํ†ต ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์ฆ์ƒ), 18๊ฐœ์›” ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜ธ์ „
(4) Definitive diagnosis์€ Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (5) ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ apnea, pulmonary hypertension์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ. 2. Vocal cord paralysis (์„ฑ๋Œ€ ๋งˆ๋น„) (1) Congenital or Acquired, Unilateral์ด Bilateral cord paralysis๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”ํ•จ (2) Unilateral : Feeding problems, stridor, hoarse voice, cry change (3) Bilateral : Normal voice associated with stridor and dyspnea, cynosis, apenic episode๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ (4) ์ง„๋‹จ์€ Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (5) ์–‘์ชฝ ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ endotracheal intubation์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, needle cricothroidotomy, ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” tracheatomy๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
3.
Subglottic stenosis (1) Acquired or congenital, laryngeal lumen์˜ narrowing (2) Congenital stenosis๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›” ์ด๋‚ด ์ง„๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, inspiratory stridor๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋œ๋‹ค. (3) Acquired stenosis์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์€ Prolonged ET Intubation (4) ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” severity์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
4.
Hemangiomas (1) Benign congenital tumors of endothelial cells or vascular malformation (2) ์ฒซ 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , 5์„ธ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ฌ (3) 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ๋Š”, cutaneous hemangioma (ํŠนํžˆ beard distribution)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด airway hemangioma์˜ ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (4) ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฒซ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์—†์ด new-onset stridor๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฉด airway hemangioma๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” airway visualization through endoscopy๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” (5) ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜ significant symptom์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” large malformation์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ฮฒ-blocker, steroid, laser or surgery์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”
5.
Vascular rings and sling (1) Rare congenital anomaly of aortic arch and pulmonary artery (2) Anormalous vessel์ด trachea or esophagous๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (3) Futher evluation โ‘  Bronchoscopy โ‘ก CT angiography โ‘ข Echocardiography (์„ ์ฒœ์‹ฌ๊ธฐํ˜• ๋™๋ฐ˜์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด) (4) Definitive Treatment : Surgery

C. Stridor in children >6 months of age