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E. Acute Otitis Media

E1. Cause

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S. pneumonia (m/c : 43~49%)
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H. influenzae (29~70%)
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M. Catarrhalis (15~28%)

E2. Clinical feature

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Otalgia, otorrhea, fever, ear pulling
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TM may be retracted or buldging red or yellow/white (d/t middle ear fluid)
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์•ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ค‘์ด์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

E3. Treatment

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"No specific guidline"
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€˜๋Œ€๊ธฐ์š”๋ฒ•โ€™์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ

(1) Abx.

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1st. : Amoxacillin, ampicillin
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2nd : Augmentin (amoxicillin-clavulanate), cefdinir, cepodoxime
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72์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์—†์„ ์‹œ augmentin or levofloxacin or moxifloxacin

(2) tympanocentesis์˜ indication

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OM์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ complication ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
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Septic condition ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

E4. Complication of otitis media

(1) Acute mastoiditis

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Middle ear ํ†ตํ•ด spreading
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Micro-organism : S. pneumonia (m/c : 38%) / S. pyogens (11 %) / P. aeruginosa (11 %)
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Clinical feature : Otalgia, otorrhea, fever : Mastoiditis์—์„œ๋Š” postauricular erythema/swelling/tenderness : Auricle ๋ถ€์–ด์„œ post auricular ์ฃผ๋ฆ„ ์—†์–ด์ง
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Dx : Hx and P/Ex : Confirm w/ enhanced CT
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Treatment : IV anti., tympanocentesis, myringotomy Ceftriaxone or levofloxacin ๋ฐ˜์‘ X โ†’ Vancomycin + piperacillin/tazobactam or imipenem

(2) Intracranial complication

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์ฃผ๋กœ AOM ๋ณด๋‹ค COM์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค. โ‘  Meningitis, brain abscess ๋“ฑ โ‘ก Micro-organism : S. pneumonia (m/c : 33%) / N. meningitidis (23%) (3) Lateral sinus thrombosis
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Mastoid์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ํผ์ ธ ์˜†์— ์žˆ๋Š” lateral/sigmoid sinus๋กœ ํผ์ ธ thrombus formation, intraluminal empyema, perforation of venous wall โ‘  Symtoms : Headache, papilledema, CN VI palsy, vertigo โ‘ก Diagnosis : Angiography w/ venous phase or MRI โ‘ข Micro-organism : Staphylococcus / Streptococcus / Upper respiratory anaerobes โ‘ฃ Treatment : Combination of IV cefepime + IV metronidazole + IV vancomycin