B. Common cold
1.
Cause
(1) M/C cause : Rhinovirus
(2) Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, RSV, Corona virus
2.
Clinical features
(1) Nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing
(2) 7~10์ผ๋ถํฐ 3์ฃผ ์ ๋
(3) Rhinovirus infection์ ํน์ง์ nasal discharge, hoarse voice์.
fever๋ ์์์๊ฒ ํํ ๋๋ฐ๋๋ ์ฑ์ธ์ ๋๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ, ์์์ 20% ์ ๋๋ acute otitis media๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ ค
3.
Diagnosis : ์์์ฆ์์ผ๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ์ง ์๋ค.
4.
Treatment
(1) Symptom relief (anti-histamine+decongestant)
(2) Vit C, zinc๊ฐ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
C. Influenza
1.
Clinical features
(1) ์ ๔ ๊ธฐ 1~4์ผ
(2) Fever (common cold์์ ์ฐจ์ด), headache, dry cough
2.
Diagnosis
(1) Clinically. direct contact and droplet transfer
(2) Diagnostic test๋ nasal swab, nasal aspirate๋ฅผ ์์, ์ฑ์ธ ๋ชจ๋์์ ๊ถ์ฅ
3.
Treatment
(1) Symptom <48hr์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ oseltamivir 75mg BID X 5days.
(2) ์๋ถ๋ high-risk ํ์์์๋ 48์๊ฐ ์ดํ์๋ ํญ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๊ถ์ฅ
(3) ๊ทธ ์ธ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ Symptomatic treatment ํ๋ค.
4.
SARS
(1) Most common cause : Corona virus
(2) Treatment : Supportive / Ribavirin / Lopinavir
5.
MERS
(1) Most common cause : Corona virus from bats
(2) Treatment
โ Supportive : frequently requires mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and ECMO
โก Antiviral drugs : ribavirin, lopinavir, and type I interferon โ Efficiency unknown
โข Should be isolated in an airborne infection isolation room
D. ๋ฐฑ์ผํด Pertussis (Whooping cough)
1.
Cause : Aerobic gram-negative rod, B. pertussis
2.
Clinical features
(1) Cyclical outbreaks occur every 3 to 5 years
(2) Pertussis pneumonia can occur in children but in shool-age children, adolesents, and
adults, upper respiratory infection are the rule
(3) 2์ฃผ ์ด์์ cough, whooping cough๋ ์ฑ์ธ์์ ๋๋ฌผ๋ค.
3.
Immunization
(1) 2 types of vaccines
(Whole-cell ~10 years / Acellular ~at 2, 4, 6, 18 months of age and a booster at age 5)
(2) ์์ฐ๋ถ๋ ๋ฐ๋์ DtaP booster ์ ์ข
ํด์ผ ํจ.
4.
Treatment
(1) Azithromycin 500mg PO on day 1 and 250mg PO days 2~5
(2) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 160 milligrams/800 milligrams twice a day for 14 days
