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F. Cyanosis

F1. Introduction

(1) Reduced hemoglobin (deoxyhemoglobin)์ด๋‚˜ hemoglobin derivatives์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ ๋ง‰์ด ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•จ. (2) ํ˜ˆ์•ก ๋‚ด deoxygenated hemoglobin ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ • (oxygenated hemoglobin ์•„๋‹˜) (3) Central cyanosis, peripheral cyanosis๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋จ. โ‘  Central cyanosis : ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ oxygenation ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ Hb์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ๋ง‰์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜€์— cyanosis ๋ฐœ์ƒ โ‘ก Peripheral cyanosis : Vasoconstriction์ด๋‚˜ peripheral blood flow์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ง์ดˆ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” cyanosis

F2. Differential Diagnosis of Cyanosis

F3. Clinical features

(1) Cyanosis : deoxygenated Hb exceeds 5 grams/dL (2) Tongue and buccal mucosa : central cyanosis์— sensitive sites (3) Peripheral cyanosis : CHF, peripheral vascular disease, shock states, and cold exposure โ‘  Vasoconstriction and decreased peripheral blood flow โ‘ก The nail beds : cyanosis (4) Pseudocyanosis โ‘  Drug (chlorpromazine, minocycline, amiodarone, nicorandil) or heavy metal (gold, silver) ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ€์ƒ‰ โ‘ก ์ž…์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ ๋ง‰์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ‰์ด๋‹ค.

F4. Diagnosis

(1) ABGA using co-oxymetry : gold standard (2) Central cyanosis : SaO2 decreased (3) Peripheral cyanosis : SaO2 normal (4) MetHb or COHb ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ โ‘  Normal PaO2, a normal calculated SaO2 โ‘ก Measured SaO2 decreased

F5. Treatment

(1) Supplemental oxygen & underlying disorder treatment (2) Methemoglobinemia โ†’ Methylene blue (antidote) : 1~2 mg/kg, IV over 5 min