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T7. Bomb, blast, and crushing injuries

I. Effect of Bomb blast
1. Distance of victim from explosion 2. Enclosed versus open space 3. Surrounding environment 4. Quantity of explosive
5. Type of explosive 6. Embedded shrapnel
II. Blast Effects four main type
ํญ๋ฐœ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์žฅ์†Œ vs ํ์‡„ํ˜• ์žฅ์†Œ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ฃผ์œ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํญ๋ฐœ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ ํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒํŽธ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฌด
1st Affects air-filled structure (lung) , shearing force 2nd Collateral damage from flying object and shrapnel 3rd Victim being propelled through the air and striking stationary objects 4th Result of burns, smoke inhalation, chemical agent release
III. Clinical Features
1. Pulmonary Barotrauma is m/c fatal primary blast injury 2. Vent Care ์‹œ Tidal Volume์€ 6 to 7mL/kg to IBW (ideal body wt)๋กœ peak inspiratory
pressure๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ventilator-induced lung barotrauma๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค 3. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์—†๋”๋ผ๋„ Tympanic memebrane perforation ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Chest X-ray๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ
ํ•œ๋‹ค. (TM perforation์€ primary blast injury์˜ indicator๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ 50%์—์„œ lung injury์˜
์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.) 4. Air๋Š” poor energy conductor์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณต๋ถ€ ์†์ƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. 5. Vascular injury ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” limb perfusion, pulse ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
ํŠนํžˆ Compartment Syndrome ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ close observationํ•œ๋‹ค. 6. Renal failure: most serious complication of crush syndromes
5P : Pain, Paresthesias, Passive stretch, Pressure, Pulselessness