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Eye examination

B1. History

B2. Examination

(1) Sequential examination

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Visual acuity, confrontational visual fields, EOM, pupillary reaction, lids&adnexa, conjunctiva, sclerae, cornea, ant. chamber, iris, lenses, vitreous, IOP (๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€), funduscopy (๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰). ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
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Visual acuity : Vital sign of the eye Chemical burn ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ Irrigation์„ ๋จผ์ € ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ first step ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ์ค„์ด ์‹œ๋ ฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Confrontational Visual Fields
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Ocular motility : CN IV - SO, CN VI - LR, All other EOM - CN III : Diplopia ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ์•ˆ๊ทผ ์ชฝ์„ ์‘์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง
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Pupil : Relative afferent pupillary detect (RAPD), Marcus-Gunn pupil : ์†์ƒ๋œ ์ชฝ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถ”๋ฉด ๋™๊ณต์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ™•๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. โ†’ Optic nerve disorder๋ฅผ ์‹œ์‚ฌ
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External eye : Periorbital Skin, Lids, and Adnexa : Cotton application โ€“ ์œ—๋ˆˆ๊บผํ’€๋งŒ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ : ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Retraction ๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , Book Clip์„ ์จ๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค.
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Examine the Iris for Pupil Irregularity and Pupillary Dysfunction
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Fluorescein Examination (ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ ˆ์‹  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ) : Seidal Test โ†’ ๊ฐ๋ง‰์ƒํ”ผ์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ test, Fluorescein strip์— saline์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฉ์šธ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ inf. conjunctival fornix์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋‹ค ๋Œ„ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ dye๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํผ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๋’ค Wood lamp๋‚˜ cobalt-blue filter๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋น› ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ cornea์— fluorescein-tinged aqueous humor์˜ stream์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€(์–‘์„ฑ) ํ™•์ธํ•จ. : Corneal abrasion์—์„œ๋Š” bright green์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž„
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Fundoscopic Examination (์•ˆ์ €๊ฒ€์‚ฌ) : Size, Shape, Sharpness of the borders of the optic disk, the cup-to-disk ratio, size ratio of the arteries to veins (Normal 2:3)
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Papilledema : IICP์—์„œ Optic nerve์˜ bilateral edema๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ : Malignant hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, intracranial tumors, hydrocephalus ๋“ฑ์—์„œ Common finding
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Intraocular pressure : Normal Inraocular pressure : 10~20mmHg : Globe rupture๊ฐ€ ์˜์‹ฌ๋  ๋•Œ๋Š” Intraocular pressure๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋จ
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Schioฬˆtz Tonometer : Intraocular pressure๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹˜. ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Tono-Pen
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Applanation Tonometer

(2) Slit lamp examination

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Anterior Chamber๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ Conjuctiva, Sclerae, Cornea, Anterior chamber, Iris, Ciliary body ์ค‘ Ciliary body๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
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๋น›์„ ๋น„์ถ”์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด Cornea (Abrasion, Ulcer, Edema, Foreign body ๋“ฑ ๊ด€์ฐฐ) โ†’ Anterior chamber (WBC, RBC ๋“ฑ ๊ด€์ฐฐ, Iritis, Hyphema ๋“ฑ) โ†’ Lense